Window to Gilgit-Baltistan

By Syed Shams Uddin Observed annually on March 21, the International Day of Forests underscores the vital role forests play in sustaining life on Earth. Established by the United Nations General Assembly in 2012, this day promotes awareness about conservation, sustainable management, and reforestation efforts to combat climate change and biodiversity loss. The Critical Role of Forests in Climate Regulation Forests cover nearly one-third of the planet's land area, acting as essential carbon sinks, regulating global temperatures, and supporting 80% of terrestrial biodiversity. They are indispensable for oxygen production, water cycle regulation, and ecosystem stability. However, rapid deforestation, land degradation, and escalating greenhouse gas emissions pose severe threats to these ecosystems. A recent BBC report, citing the United Nations, warns that one-third of the world’s glaciers could disappear by 2050 due to rising greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxid...

By Syed Shams Uddin It is indeed a moment of immense honor that the name of Zafar Viqar Taj stands included in the list of distinguished individuals set to receive national accolades on March 23 this year. Among these luminaries stands Waqar Taj, whose exceptional literary contributions have earned him the coveted Sitara-e-Imtiaz. The Sitara-e-Imtiaz, Pakistan’s third-highest civilian award, is a distinction reserved for those who have demonstrated extraordinary excellence in fields that contribute significantly to national interests, cultural heritage, global peace, and the nation’s intellectual landscape. Zafar Waqar Taj’s recognition is not only a personal triumph but a monumental milestone for the literary heritage of Gilgit-Baltistan. It becomes ascertainable that Zafar Waqar Taj’s poetic journey began in his student years, where his natural affinity for poetry flourished obviously under the tutelage of his esteemed father, Abdul Khaliq Taj, and a circle of intellectual mentors. ...

By Syed Shams Uddin The positive aspect of mental health is emphasized in the definition: "Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity." It refers to a state of well-being in which an individual recognizes their own abilities, effectively manages everyday stresses, works productively, and contributes to their community. Mental health promotion is a broad concept encompassing various strategies designed to enhance mental well-being. These strategies include fostering individual skills and resources as well as improving socio-economic conditions. However, the majority of healthcare resources are allocated to specialized treatment and care for individuals with mental illnesses, with comparatively less investment in community-based treatment and rehabilitation services. Mental health is a crucial aspect of overall well-being, yet it is often overlooked in public healthcare systems. Psychiatry clinical ...

By Syed Shams Uddin The Significance of Elaeagnus angustifolia in Gilgit-Baltistan: A Botanical and Historical Perspective Historical Cultivation in Gilgit-Baltistan Elaeagnus angustifolia, commonly known as the Russian olive or oleaster, has played a vital role in the agricultural and ecological history of Gilgit-Baltistan. The species was widely cultivated in areas ranging from Bunji to Astore (between 1300 to 2400 meters) in the Gilgit region. In Baltistan, this tree species has been grown from Kiris to Parkuta (2700 meters), Shigar (2600 meters), from Baghicha to Olding (2900 meters), and down to Skardu. According to famed agro-forester late Ghulam Rasul in his compendium Darakht Oogao, its natural growth has been recorded from 1800 to 3500 meters. Elaeagnus angustifolia was particularly cultivated in regions where barren land was first brought under irrigation and cultivation. One of the earliest known areas where it was extensively planted includes Jalalabad and Oshikhanda...

By Syed Shams Uddin Cedrus deodara (Diyar) – The Himalayan Cedar Cedrus deodara, commonly known as Diyar, is an indigenous conifer species well-adapted to the climatic and soil conditions of Gilgit-Baltistan. Its resilience to high-altitude environments, coupled with its ecological and economic significance, makes it a valuable tree for afforestation initiatives. Historically, a notable effort in 1942 at the Jutial nurseries successfully propagated this species, leading to an afforestation drive in Jutial Nullah. This effort was meticulously documented by the late botanist Ghulam Rasul in his 66-paged too concise a handbook Drakht Oogao (Grow Trees). However, the momentum of this initiative was lost over time, necessitating a renewed and ambitious plantation strategy to expand Diyar forests across various valleys of Gilgit-Baltistan. Potential Valleys for Cedrus deodara Expansion It becomes ascertainable that Diyar thrives in high-altitude temperate forests with well-drained soil...

Syed Shams Uddin Enhancing Walnut Cultivation in Gilgit-Baltistan through Botanical Extension Services and Grafting Techniques Introduction It becomes evident from the handbook titled Drakht Aogao, authored by the renowned botanist and agro-forester of Gilgit-Baltistan late Haji Ghulam Rasul, that walnut is scientifically known as Juglans regia. This species is classified into approximately 15 categories worldwide—one of which thrives in a humid climate or moist warm regions, while the rest are found in moisturized warm regions. Walnut grows wild at altitudes ranging from 3,000 to 10,000 feet. In Pakistan, only one variety of this species exists. The tree is sturdy, expansive, deciduous, and shady, with a wide canopy that spreads significantly as it matures. It can grow up to 45 feet in height, with a proportionate stem circumference, and has an impressive lifespan spanning several centuries. It has been observed that people in land-scarce regions like Gilgit-Baltistan avoid pl...